SourceLong before the knights of medieval Europe wielded flails or martial artists brandished nunchucks, it appears that a flightless prehistoric bird used its own wings as a similar type of weapon in combat.
Paleontologists at Yale University and the Smithsonian Institution have discovered that Xenicibis, a member of the ibis family that lived about ten thousand years ago and was found only in Jamaica, most likely used its specialized wings like a flail, swinging its upper arm and striking its enemies with its thick hand bones.
"No animal has ever evolved anything quite like this," said Nicholas Longrich of Yale, who led the research. "We don't know of any other species that uses its body like a flail. It's the most specialized weaponry of any bird I've ever seen."
As part of the new study, the researchers analyzed a number of recently discovered partial skeletons of Xenicibis and found that the wings were drastically different from anything they'd seen before. "When I first saw it, I assumed it was some sort of deformity," Longrich said. "No one could believe it was actually that bizarre."
The bird, which was the size of a large chicken, is anatomically similar to other members of the ibis family except for its wings, which include thick, curved hand bones unlike those of any other known bird. Xenicibis also had a much larger breastbone and longer wings than most flightless birds. "That was our first clue that the wings were still being used for something," Longrich said.
While other birds are known to punch or hammer one another with their wings, Xenicibis is the only known animal to have used its hands, hinged at the wrist joint, like two baseball bats to swing at and strike its opponents. Although modern day ibises do not strike one another in this fashion, they are very territorial, with mates often fighting other pairs over nesting and feeding rights.
It's also possible that the birds used their club-like wings to defend themselves against other species that might have preyed on the birds' eggs or young. Xenicibis is unusual in that it became flightless even in the midst of a number of predators, including the Jamaican yellow boa, a small extinct monkey and over a dozen birds of prey.
The team found that two of the wing bones in the collection showed evidence of combat, including a fractured hand bone and a centimeter-thick upper arm bone that was broken in half. The damage is proof of the extreme force the birds were able to wield with their specialized wings, Longrich said.
Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
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Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
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Re: Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
Just came to me but...
![Image](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:_JQCQjHj_T4zCM:http://www.rareresource.com/photos/ankylosaurus/c/l/ankylosaurus.gif&t=1)
...fail.
Still a cool bird though.
"We don't know of any other species that uses its body like a flail."
![Image](http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:_JQCQjHj_T4zCM:http://www.rareresource.com/photos/ankylosaurus/c/l/ankylosaurus.gif&t=1)
...fail.
Still a cool bird though.
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Re: Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
It wasn't just dinosaurs - among mammals, the glyptodont used its tail in a similar way. The resarcher probably meant "bird species." It would be more unusual than for other vertebrates, because of the relatively delicate bone structure of birds.
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Re: Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
Probably did mean it just for birds, but then he should have worded it better. And yeah, big, solid bones in a bird is certainly out of the norm.
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Re: Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
Agreed, it is odd. There must have been something to it though if this proved to be viable in the midst of a great number of predators.
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Re: Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon
Obviously it worked in that particular niche, if prehistoric Jamaica was as dangerous as the article mentions. If it were an ibis, though, one has to wonder why it didn't do something odd evolutionary-wise... like, maybe, develop flight like every other ibis in the history of ever.
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